A deformity is simply a deviation in the shape of a structure from its normal shape. Any combination of spine curvature and twisting can result in a spinal deformity. To learn more about spinal deformity correction, it is helpful to first understand typical spinal anatomy. The most common correction and stabilization procedures are osteotomies, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, vertebral column resection, and spinopelvic fixation. These procedures vary in terms of the amount of bone removed and the amount of correction provided. The osteotomy (also known as a posterior column osteotomy, or PCO) is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of bone from the back of the vertebral arch. It produces 10-20 degrees of correction at each level and can be used on multiple levels. As a result, it is frequently used to correct long, gradual kyphosis curves like Scheuermann kyphosis or ankylosing spondylitis. It is the least invasive method of bone removal.
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