A deformity is simply a difference in the shape of a structure when compared to its typical shape. A spinal deformity is caused by any combination of spine curvature and twisting. To learn more about the correction of spinal deformities, it is helpful to first understand typical spinal anatomy. Osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, vertebral column resection, and spinopelvic fixation are the most common correction and stabilization procedures. The amount of bone removed and the amount of correction provided by these procedures vary. The osteotomy (also known as a posterior column osteotomy, or PCO) involves the removal of bone from the back of the vertebral arch. It produces approximately 10-20 degrees of correction at each level and can be performed on multiple levels. As a result, it is frequently used to correct long, gradual kyphosis curves, such as those caused by Scheuermann kyphosis or ankylosing spondylitis. It is the least invasive of the bone removal procedures.
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